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Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr. (; born Arthur Bancroft Schlesinger; October 15, 1917 – February 28, 2007) was an American historian, social critic, and public intellectual and was the son of the influential historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr. A specialist in American history, much of Schlesinger's work explored the history of 20th-century American liberalism. In particular, his work focused on leaders such as Harry Truman, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Robert F. Kennedy. In the 1952 and 1956 presidential campaigns, he was a primary speechwriter and adviser to the Democratic presidential nominee both times, Adlai Stevenson II.〔(Martin, pp. 630–643)〕 Schlesinger served as special assistant and "court historian" to President Kennedy from 1961 to 1963. He wrote a detailed account of the Kennedy administration, from the 1960 presidential campaign to the president's state funeral, titled ''A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House'', which won the 1966 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. In 1968, Schlesinger actively supported the presidential campaign of Senator Robert F. Kennedy, which ended with Kennedy's assassination in Los Angeles. Schlesinger wrote a popular biography, ''Robert Kennedy and His Times'', several years later. He later popularized the term "imperial presidency" during the Nixon administration book of the same name. ==Early life and career== Schlesinger was born in Columbus, Ohio, the son of Elizabeth Harriet (née Bancroft) and Arthur M. Schlesinger (1888–1965), who was an influential social historian at Ohio State University and Harvard University. His paternal grandfather was a Prussian Jew (who later converted to the German Reformed Church) and his paternal grandmother an Austrian Catholic (who converted to the same church). His mother, a Mayflower descendant, was of German and New England ancestry as well as a relative of historian George Bancroft according to family tradition.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2000/dec/21/the-age-of-schlesinger/ )〕 His family practiced Unitarianism. Schlesinger attended the Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, and received his first degree at the age of 20 from Harvard College, where he graduated ''summa cum laude'' in 1938.〔 In 1940, at 23, he was appointed to a three-year fellowship at Harvard. His fellowship was interrupted by the United States entering World War II. After failing his military medical examination, Schlesinger joined the Office of War Information. From 1943 to 1945, he served as an intelligence analyst in the Office of Strategic Services, a precursor to the CIA. Schlesinger's service in the OSS allowed him time to complete his first Pulitzer Prize-winning book, ''The Age of Jackson'', in 1945. From 1946 to 1954, he was an associate professor at Harvard, becoming a full professor in 1954, without having earned a PhD. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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